PROPERTIES OF ELEMENTS
 
 
GROUP VI-A
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   1. O, S, Se, Te and Po are the elements of group VI-A.
   2. They have six electrons in their outermost shell.
   3. Their oxidation number is (–2).
   4. They have high values of electronegativity.
   5. Oxygen and sulphur are non-metals, Se and Te are metalloids, but Po is a metal.
   6. Elements of group VI-A show allotropy.
   7. Oxygen is a gas, but other elements are solids.
   8. Generally they are electro-negative elements.
GROUP VII-A
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  1. F, Cl, Br, I and At, are the members of group VII-A.
  2. All the elements of group VII-A contain seven electrons in their outermost shell.
  3. Generally they are present in (-1) oxidation state.
  4. Elements of group VII-A are non-metals.
  5. They are highly electronegative elements.
  6. They have high I.P.
  7. They can form ionic and covalent bond (compound).
  8. They are very reactive elements
  9. They exist as diatomic molecule. For example F2, Cl2, Br2, I2, At2
  10. They are also called halogens.
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TRANSITION ELEMENTS
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  1. Elements from group I-B to group VIII-B are known as transition elements.
    For example Fe, Cu, Ag, Ni etc.
  2. They are metals.
  3. They are hard.
  4. They have high melting point.
  5. They exhibit variable oxidation states. For example +2 , Fe+3, Cu +1, Cu+2
  6. They are paramagnetic.
  7. They form complex (coordination) compounds.
  8. Most of the compounds of transition elements are colored.
    For example : CuSO4 (blue) , NiSO4 (green) , CoCl3 (pink)
  9. Transition elements and their compounds are used as a catalyst.
    For example : Pt , Ni , FeCl3 , V2O5 , MnO2, FeO etc.
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PERIODICITY
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   Physical and chemical properties of elements in periodic table are periodically repeated. This repetition of    properties is called periodicity. Atomic size, ionization potential, electronegativity, metallic character,heat    of hydration etc. vary in a periodic manner known as periodicity.
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   QUESTION :
   The electronic configuration of an element is K=2, L=8, M=7. Answer the following questions.
   1. What is the name of this element?
   Chlorine
   2. What is its position in periodic table?
   Group : VII-A
   period : 3rd
   block : P-block.
   3. Write any five-group trends.
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