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CHEMISTRY
OF ETHANE
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INTRODUCTION
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Molecular formula
= C2H6 Molecular
mass = 30 Empirical
formula = CH3 Empirical
formula mass = 15 State:
Gas at room temperature. Occurrence:
Ethane occurs along with methane in natural gas and gases from oil-wells.
It is also present in coal gas in very
small quantity. |
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ORBITAL
STRUCTURE OF ETHANE
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| Composition
of ethane molecule: Ethane molecule consists of two carbon atoms and six H-atoms (C2H6 ). Nature of Hybridization: In ethane each C-atom is Sp3-hybridized containing four Sp3-hybrid orbitals. One s-orbital and three p-orbitals (px, py, pz) undergo Sp3-hybridization to produce four Sp3-hybrid orbitals for each carbon atom. Sigma bond formation: Out of four Sp3-hybrid orbitals one Sp3-hybrid orbital of one C-atom overlaps with one s-orbital of H-atom to produce three sigma bond and the last overlaps with one Sp3-orbital of other C-atom to produce a sigma bond between two C-atoms. Geometry of ethane: |
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| Ethane molecule is arranged in tetrahedral geometry in which central carbon atoms are surrounded by H-atoms in three dimensions. | |||
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| Bond angles: | |||
| HCH
bond angle is 109.5o. Bond length: C-H bond length is 1.09Ao and C-C bond length is 1.54Ao. |
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METHODS
OF PREPARATION
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FROM WURTZ REACTION |
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2CH3I
+ 2Na 
C2H6 +2NaI |
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FROM GRIGNARD'S REAGENT |
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| Ethane
may be obtained by the hydrolysis of ethyl magnesium iodide. C2H5-Mg-I + HOH
C2H6 + Mg-OH-I |
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FROM ETHYL IODIDE |
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C2H5-I
+ 2[H]
C2H6 + HI |
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BY THE CATALYTIC REDUCTION OF ETHYL IODIDE |
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C2H5-I
+ H2
C2H6 + HI |
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CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES
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COMBUSTION REACTION |
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| Ethane burns in air or oxygen with a non-luminous flame to produce carbon dioxide and water. It is an exothermic | |||
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2C2H6
+ 7O2
4CO2 + 6H2O + HEAT |
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HALOGENATION |
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| Replacement
of halogen with H-atom of an organic compound is called Halogenation. It
is a substitution reaction. CHLORINATION: |
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C2H6
+ Cl2
C2H5Cl
C2H4Cl2+ Cl-CH2-CH2-Cl |
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES |
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| It
is colorless gas. Its boiling point is -89oC. It is sparingly soluble in water. |
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