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FERTILIZERS
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"Fertilizers
are chemical compounds containing nitrogen, phosphorous, sulphur,
sodium, which are essential for the growth and development of crops." |
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| Fertilizers are generally inorganic salts such as ammonium nitrate,ammonium sulphate, superphosphate, triple phosphate and potassium nitrate etc. Urea is organic in nature. Fertilizers makeup deficiency of soil, keep it slightly alkaline or neutral. It should be noted down that the soil having PH below 3 or above 10 is sterile. | |||
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FUNCTIONS
OF FERTILIZERS
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| Furnish
adequate supply of the elements to the plants to become fertile again. Supply of necessary food. Maintain PH of soil in between 7.00 to 8.00 |
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TYPES
OF FERTILIZERS
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There
are two types of fertilizers. |
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MINERAL
FERTILIZERS
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| Some
most important mineral fertilizers are : Nitrogenous fertilizers Potassic fertilizers Phosphatic fertilizers |
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NITROGENOUS
FERTILIZERS
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| Essential
component of these fertilizers is nitrogen. EXAMPLES: UREA (NH2-CO-NH2) [remember it is an organic fertilizer] AMMONIUM NITRATE (NH4NO3) AMMONIUM SULPHATE (NH4)2SO4 |
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POTASSIC
FERTILIZERS
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| Chile
saltpeter Potassium nitrate etc. |
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PHOSPHATIC
FERTILIZERS
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| Phosphates
are excellent fertilizers. The presence of phosphorus in the soil is vital
for successful
plant
propagation. There are two important
phosphoric fertilizers. Super phosphate Triple phosphate |
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SUPER
PHOSPHATE
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Super phosphate is the most important fertilizer, which is a mixture of calcium dihydrogen phosphate and calcium sulphate (gypsum). This fertilizer is produced by treating rock phosphate or phosphorite [Ca3(PO4)2] with sulphuric acid in special chambers. |
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Ca3(PO4)2
+ 2H2SO4 ® 2Ca(H2PO4)2
+ 2CaSO4
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| Since rock phosphate is insoluble in water, it cannot serve as an effective source of phosphorus for plants. It is therefore converted in to more soluble form, Ca(H2PO4)2 mixture of it with gypsum is known as super phosphate. It contains 18% to 20% of assimiliable P2O5. | |||
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TRIPLE
PHOSPHATE
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Rock phosphate is decomposed by phosphoric acid to produce triple phosphate. |
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Ca3(PO4)2
+ 4H3PO4 ® 3Ca(H2PO4)2
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| It contains 48% of assimiliable P2O5 . | |||
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