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PROPERTIES
OF COVALENT COMPOUNDS
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MOLECULAR
FORM
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| Covalent compound exists as a separate molecules because they are formed by neutral atoms (they are electrically neutral) and the forces of attraction between these molecules is small. | |||
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STATE
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| Due to weak intermolecular forces, generally covalent molecules or covalent compounds are liquids and gases. However, some covalent substances are solids like iodine. | |||
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Liquid (H2O,
HCl, Br2) |
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VOLATILITY
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| They are volatile. | |||
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MELTING
POINT,
BOILING POINT (THERMAL STABILITY)
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| Generally they have low M.P and B.P. | |||
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SOLUBILITY
IN WATER
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| Covalent compounds are generally insoluble in water. | |||
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SOLUBILITY
IN THE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
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| Covalent compounds are non-electrolyte because they do not conduct electricity. | |||
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ELECTRICAL
CONDUCTIVITY
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Non-polar covalent compounds do not conduct electricity.
Polar covalent compounds conduct small amount of electricity. |
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COORDINATE
COVALENT BOND
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| The type of chemical bond in which one atom provides shared pair of electron for bond formation is called "Coordinate Covalent Bond". | |||
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OR
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| Chemical bond formed between two atoms due to sharing of electron pair in which only one atom provides shared pair of electron for the formation of bond, is known as coordinate covalent bond or dative bond. | |||
| In
the formation of coordinate bond other atom does not provide electron for
sharing. It is one sided sharing. Formation of coordinate covalent bond is the property of atoms that have lone pair of electrons. |
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| The atom that provides electron pair is called "Donor".The other which takes it is called "Acceptor". | |||
| Symbol: Dative bond is represented by an arrow (®), pointing from donor atom to the acceptor. |
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| Examples: Ammonium ion Hydronium ion |
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