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SOLUBILITY
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SOLUBILITY
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"The
solubility of a solute in a solvent at a particular temperature is the
number of
grams of the solute necessary to saturate 100gm of the solvent at that temperature." |
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FACTORS
AFFECTING SOLUBILITY
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| There
are three main factors that control solubility of a solute. (1) Temperature (2) Nature of solute or solvent (3) Pressure |
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EFFECT
OF TEMPERATURE
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| Generally in many cases solubility increases with the rise in temperature and decreases with the fall of temperature but it is not necessary in all cases. However we must follow two behaviors: | |||
| In endothermic process solubility increases with the increase in temperature and vice versa. | |||
| For example:solubility of potassium nitrate increases with the increase in temperature. | |||
| In exothermic process solubility decrease with the increase in temperature. | |||
| For example:solubility of calcium oxide decreases with the increase in temperature. | |||
| Gases are more soluble in cold solvent than in hot solvent. | |||
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NATURE
OF SOLUTE AND SOLVENT
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| Solubility
of a solute in a solvent purely depends on the nature of both solute and
solvent. A polar solute dissolved in polar solvent. Solubility of a non-polar solute in a solvent is large. A polar solute has low solubility or insoluble in a non-polar solvent. |
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EFFECT
OF PRESSURE
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| The
effect of pressure is observed only in the case of gases. An increase in pressure increases of solubility of a gas in a liquid. For example carbon di oxide is filled in cold drink bottles (such as coca cola, Pepsi 7up etc.)under pressure. |
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