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AMMONIA
GAS - CEMENT
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Laboratory
preparation
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| In Laboratory Ammonia gas is prepared by heating a mixture of Ammonium chloride and calcium Hydroxide. | |||
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2NH4Cl
+ Ca(OH)2 è
2NH3 + CaCl2 + 2H2O
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Industrial
Preparation
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| On Industrial scale NH3 gas is prepared by HABER-BOSCH METHOD. | |||
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Details
of Haber-Bosch Process
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| Raw materials |
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| 1.
Nitrogen gas. 2. Hydrogen gas. For latest information , free computer courses and high impact notes visit : www.citycollegiate.com |
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| Composition of Raw materials | |||
| Nitrogen
one part of volume. Hydrogen three part by volume |
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| Suitable Conditions for maximum yeild of NH3 | |||
| Formation
of Ammonia in a reversible and exothermic process therefore following conditions
are necessary to produce maximum amount of NH3. Temperature: The reaction is carried out at low temperature. Optimum temperature: 400 OC to 450 OC. Pressure : The reaction is carried out at high pressure. Optimum pressure: 400 atmosphere to 1000 atmosphere. Catalyst: To increase the rate of reaction a catalyst of iron oxide and aluminum sulphate with molybdenum (Mo2) is used. |
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The
Process
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| One part of N2 and three parts of H2-gas by volume are heated upto 400 OC to 450 OC in the presence of catalyst to produce Ammonia gas. | |||
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N2+3H2
è
2NH3
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CEMENT
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Raw
material
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| 1.
Lime stone (CaCO3)
2. Clay (Al2Si2O7) 3.Gypsum (CaSO4.2H2O) |
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Manufacturing
of cement
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| First
of all lime and clay are pulverized and then mixed in proper proportion.
Now this mixture is fed into a revolving Kiln. The mixture in Kiln is heated
to 1500 OC. Chemical changes: Limestone decomposes to CaO. |
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CaCO3
è
CaO + CO2
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7CaO
+ Al2Si2O7
è
2Ca2SiO4
(Cement)+ Ca3Al2O6
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| The cement mixture finally forms into small size clinkers. After cooling, clinkers are ground into fine powder along with gypsum to produce cement. | |||
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Setting
of cement
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| Gypsum (CaSO4.2H2O) is added to cement to increase the setting time of cement. When water is mixed, cement sets. The setting of cement is a complex chemical change. It involves bonding forces between calcium ions (Ca+2)and silicates ions (SiO4)-4and water molecules. | |||
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