|
|
|
|||
|
ENZYMES
|
|||
|
ENZYMES
|
|||
| A class of proteins which catalyze all types of biochemical reactions such as digestion, respiration , metabolism contraction take place in the living organism are known as Enzymes. These biological catalysts do not only accelerate the rate of reaction but also drive a reaction to completion which normally occur t room temperature . All biological reaction are enzymes catalyzed. | |||
|
NOMENCLATURE
|
|||
| The
word ENZYME consists of two words: 1) Suffix of enzymes.:ASE 2)Prefix of enzyme: Name of Subtract Or type of action For example: Dehydrogenase: dehydrogenation enzyme. |
|||
|
CLASSIFICATION
OF ENZYMES
|
|||
|
OXIDO-
REDUCTASE
|
|||
| These
enzymes catalyze oxidation and reduction reactions is called oxido-reductase. |
|||
 |
|||
| For latest information , free computer courses and high impact notes visit : www.citycollegiate.com | |||
|
TRANSFERASE
|
|||
| These enzymes catalyze the reaction of group transfer from subtract to another. | |||
|
L-
Aspartic acid + 2 oxoglutaric acid---(aspartate amino transferace)--->-
oxaloacetate+Glutamic acid
|
|||
|
HYDROLASES
|
|||
| These enzymes catalyze hydrolytic reactions. | |||
|
Amylose---------------(amylase)------------------->
glucose
Lipids ---------------(lipase)-------> Fatty acids + glycerol Proteins ---------------(protease)------------> Amino acids |
|||
|
LAYASES
|
|||
| These enzymes catalyze the addition of groups to double bond or vice versa. | |||
|
Threonine
----------(Threonine aldolase)---------> glycine + acetaldehyde
|
|||
|
ISOMERASE
|
|||
| These enzymes catalyze the reaction of isomerization | |||
|
L-
alanine -----(alanine resmerase)----->-D- alanine
|
|||
|
LIGASES
|
|||
| : These enzymes catalyze the reaction of condensation of two molecules. | |||
 |
|||
|
PROPERTIES
OF ENZYMES
|
|||
| 1.
enzymes in aqueous solution kept for a long time lose their activity. 2. they become inactive by any treatment that coagulate protein material. 3. Excessive heat. Alcohol, salts of heavy metals and concentrated solutions of mineral acids will stop the activity of an enzyme. |
|||
|
FACTORS
AFFECTING RATE OF ENZYME ACTION
|
|||
| 1.
Temperature: Optimum activity of enzymes lies between 37oC to 50oC, beyond this temperature range they lose their activity However at lower temperature they do not lose their activity . PH: Every enzymes is active at a certain pH. For example optimum pH for pepsin 1.6 and for trypsin it is 8.2. |
|||
|
ENZYMES
CONCENTRATION
|
|||
|
An increase in concentration of an enzyme generally increases the rate of
reaction. Other factors: Other factors are substrate concentration , nature of products and presence of ions. |
|||
| For latest information , free computer courses and high impact notes visit : www.citycollegiate.com | |||