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ATOMIC
STRUCTURE
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ATOM
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| Smallest
particle of an element which shows all properties of element is called atom. Some characteristics of "atoms" are as follows:  Atom
takes part in chemical reactions independently.Atom
can be divided into a number of sub-atomic particles.Fundamental
particles of atom are electron, proton and neutron. |
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CHARACTERISTICS
OF ELECTRON
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Charge: It is a negatively charged particle.
Magnitutide of charge: Charge of electron is 1.6022 x 10-19
Coulomb.
Mass of electron: Mass of electron is 0.000548597 a.m.u.
or 9.1 x 10-31 kg.
Symbol of electron: Electron is represented by "e".Location
in the atom: Electrons revolve around the nucleus of atom in different
circular orbits. |
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CHARACTERISTICS
OF PROTON
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Charge: Proton is a positively charged particle.
Magnitude of charge: Charge of proton is 1.6022 x 10-19 coulomb.
Mass of proton: Mass of proton is 1.0072766 a.m.u. or 1.6726
x 10-27 kg.
Comparative mass: Proton is 1837 times heavier than an electron.
Position in atom: Protons are present in the nucleus of atom. |
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CHARACTERISTICS
OF NEUTRON
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charge: It is a neutral particle because it has no charge.
Mass of neutron: . Mass of neutron is 1.0086654 a.m.u. or 1.6749
x 10-27 kg.
Compartive mass: Neutron is 1842 times heavier than an electron.
Location in the atom: Neutrons are present in the nucleus of an atom. |
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ATOMIC
NUMBER
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Total
number of protons present in the nucleus of an atom is called
"Atomic number" or "Charge number" |
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| Since the total number of protons and the total number of electrons in an atom are equal therefore atomic number may also be defined as: | |||
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"Total
number of electron in an atom is called Atomic number"
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| SYMBOL: It is denoted by "z". | |||
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MASS
NUMBER
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Total
number of protons and neutrons present in the nucleus of an atom is called
"Mass number".
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| SYMBOL: It is denoted by "A". | |||
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A
= p + n
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SYMBOL
OF NUCLEUS
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A nucleus is represented by the symbol : |
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zXA
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Where
X= symbol of element (Cl, Br, H etc.) |
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Contact
us:
info@citycollegiate.com |
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For
latest information , free computer courses and high impact notes visit
: www.citycollegiate.com
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